1994:
- The Minister of Transport issued Decision No. 347/QĐ-BGTVT dated March 16, 1994, establishing the Railway Bridge Project Management Board. As a unit under the Vietnam Railways Corporation, it acted on behalf of the project owner to implement the project for the restoration, renovation, and upgrading of railway bridges along the Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City railway line.

2008:
- The Director of the Vietnam Railway Administration issued Decision No. 28/QĐ-CĐSVN dated March 27, 2008, establishing the Railway Project Management Board under the Vietnam Railway Administration. Its function was to manage the investment implementation phase of projects for which the Vietnam Railway Administration served as the project owner.

- The Director of the Vietnam Road Administration issued Decision No. 1407/QĐ-CĐBVN dated July 15, 2008, establishing Project Management Board 6 through the merger of Project Management Board 5 and the East Sea Project Management Board. Subsequently, Project Management Board 6 was transferred to the direct supervision of the Ministry of Transport pursuant to Decision No. 812/QĐ-BGTVT dated March 30, 2010, issued by the Minister of Transport.

The Railway Project Management Board was reorganized pursuant to the following decisions issued by the Minister of Transport:
- Decision No. 3247/QĐ-BGTVT dated August 26, 2014: Transferring the Railway Project Management Board in its entirety from the direct supervision of the Vietnam Railway Authority to that of the Ministry of Transport.

- Decision No. 4139/QĐ-BGTVT dated October 31, 2014: Merging the Railway Project Management Board under the Vietnam Railways Corporation into the Railway Project Management Board under the Ministry of Transport.

During this period, the Board performed the functions and duties of the project owner for specialized railway and road infrastructure projects nationwide. It completed and commissioned the Cat Linh - Ha Dong urban railway line and implemented upgrade and renovation projects for the Hanoi - Ho Chi Minh City railway line; simultaneously, it was tasked by the Ministry of Transport with investment preparation for numerous large-scale projects (such as the Lao Cai - Hanoi - Hai Phong railway project and the North-South high-speed railway project). The Railway Project Management Board has successfully fulfilled the tasks assigned by the Government and the Ministry of Transport.

In accordance with the directives of the Party and the Government regarding breakthroughs in railway infrastructure, and to meet the management requirements for large-scale, complex specialized projects, the Railway Project Management Board has been reorganized pursuant to Decision No. 1415/QĐ-BXD dated August 25, 2025, issued by the Minister of Construction. Accordingly, Project Management Board No. 6 has been merged into the Railway Project Management Board to leverage resources (personnel, facilities, and equipment) and extensive project management experience, thereby enhancing implementation capacity and refining the organizational model to suit the new context.

Current key tasks include preparing for the investment in several major railway projects (such as the Hanoi – Dong Dang and Hai Phong – Ha Long – Mong Cai lines); acting as the project owner for the Lao Cai – Hanoi – Hai Phong railway line; and simultaneously completing the renovation projects for the Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City railway line, the North-South Expressway construction projects (specifically the Nghi Son – Dien Chau, Vung Ang – Bung, and Bung – Van Ninh sections), and Component Project 2 of the Khanh Hoa – Buon Ma Thuot Expressway construction project.